1.1.1 EPRI-SOG and LLNL Projects
1.1.2 Development of the SSHAC Process
1.1.3 Implementation of the SSHAC Methodology
1.1.4 Regional SSC Model for Nuclear Facilities
1.1.5 Differences from USGS National Seismic Hazard Mapping Project
1.2 Purpose of the CEUS-SSC Project
1.2.1 Implementation of SSHAC Level 3 Process
1.2.2 Goals: Stability and Longevity
1.2.3 Interface with Ground Motion Models
1.3 Study Region
1.4 Products of Project
1.4.1 Seismic Source Model for Study Region
1.4.2 Hazard Input Document
1.4.3 Documentation of Technical Bases for All Assessments
1.4.4 Other Key Products
1.4.4.1 Data Evaluation and Data Summary Tables
1.4.4.2 Database of Geologic, Geophysical, and Seismological Data
1.4.4.3 Earthquake Catalog with Uniform Moment Magnitudes
1.4.4.4 Updated Paleoseismicity Data and Guidance
1.4.4.5 Recommendations for Future Applications of SSC Model
Chapter 2 - SSHAC Level 3 Assessment Process and Implementation
2.1 Goals and Activities of a SSHAC Assessment Process
2.1.1 Evaluation
2.1.2 Integration
2.2 Roles of CEUS-SSC Project Participants
2.3 CEUS-SSC Project Organization
2.4.1 Database Development
2.4.2 Identification of Significant Issues
2.4.3 Workshop #1-Key Issues and Available Data
2.4.4 Workshop #2-Alternative Interpretations
2.4.5 Working Meetings
2.4.6 SSC Sensitivity Model Development
2.4.7 Workshop #3-Feedback
2.4.8 SSC Preliminary Model Development
2.4.9 Finalization and Review of SSC Draft and Final Model
2.4.10 Documentation
2.4.10.1 Development of the Hazard Input Document
2.4.10.2 Development of Earlier Draft Report
2.4.10.3 Draft Report Review
2.4.10.4 Final Report Development
2.5 Participatory Peer Review Panel
2.5.1 Roles and Responsibilities
2.5.2 Reviews and Feedback
2.5.3 Fulfillment of SSHAC-Prescribed Scope of Review of Both Technical and
Process Issues
2.6 Consistency of CEUS-SSC Assessment Process with SSHAC Guidelines
Chapter 3 - Earthquake Catalog
Chapter 4 - Conceptual Seismic Source Characterization Framework
4 Introduction
4.1 Needs for a Conceptual SSC Framework
4.1.1 Logic Tree Approach to Representing Alternatives and Assessing Uncertainties
4.1.1.1 Examples of Logic Trees
4.1.1.2 Assigning Weights to Logic Tree Branches
4.1.2 Data Identification and Evaluation
4.1.2.1 “Generic” Data Identification to Address Indicators of a Seismic Source
4.1.2.2 Data Evaluation for Particular Seismic Sources: Data Evaluation and Data Summary Tables
4.1.3 Methodology for Identifying Seismic Sources
4.1.3.1 Hazard-Informed Approach
4.1.3.2 Conclusions Regarding the Hazard Significance of Various SSC Issues
4.1.3.3 Criteria for Defining Seismic Sources
4.2.1 Description of Logic Tree Elements
4.2.2 RLME Source Logic Tree
4.2.3 Mmax Zones Logic Tree
4.2.4 Seismotectonic Zones Branch
Chapter 5 - SSC Model: Overview and Methodology
5.1 Overview of Spatial and Temporal Models
Chapter 6 - SSC Model: RLME Sources and Mmax Zones Branch
6.1.1 Charlevoix6.2 Mmax Distributed Seismicity Source Zones
6.1.1.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.1.2 Localizing Tectonic Features
6.1.1.3 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.1.4 RLME Magnitude
6.1.1.5 RLME Recurrence
6.1.2 Charleston
6.1.2.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.2.2 Localizing Feature
6.1.2.3 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.2.4 RLME Magnitude
6.1.2.5 RLME Recurrence
6.1.3 Cheraw Fault
6.1.3.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.3.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.3.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.3.4 RLME Recurrence
6.1.4 Meers Fault
6.1.4.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.4.2 Localizing Feature
6.1.4.3 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.4.4 RLME Magnitude
6.1.4.5 RLME Recurrence
6.1.5 Reelfoot Rift–New Madrid Fault System
6.1.5.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.5.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.5.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.5.4 RLME Recurrence
6.1.6 Reelfoot Rift-Eastern Rift Margin Fault
6.1.6.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.6.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.6.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.6.4 RLME Recurrence
6.1.7 Reelfoot Rift-Marianna
6.1.7.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.7.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.7.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.7.4 RLME Recurrence
6.1.8 Reelfoot Rift-Commerce Fault Zone
6.1.8.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.8.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.8.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.8.4 RLME Recurrence
6.1.9 Wabash Valley
6.1.9.1 Evidence for Temporal Clustering
6.1.9.2 Geometry and Style of Faulting
6.1.9.3 RLME Magnitude
6.1.9.4 RLME Recurrence
6.2.1 Definition of Mmax Zones
6.2.2 Criteria for Defining the MESE/NMESE Boundary
6.3 Maximum Magnitude Distributions for Mmax Distributed Seismicity Sources
6.3.1 Maximum Observed Earthquake Magnitude
6.3.2 Mmax Distributions
6.4.1 Rate and b-Value Maps for Single Zone and Two Zones
6.4.2 Comparison of Recurrence Parameters to Catalog
Chapter 7 - SSC Model: Seismotectonic Zones Branch
7.1 Approaches and Data Used to Define Seismotectonic Zones
7.2 RLME Sources in the Seismotectonic Zones Branch
7.3 Seismotectonic Source Zones
7.3.1 St. Lawrence Rift Zone (SLR)
7.3.1.1 Background
7.3.1.1.1 Iapetan Rifting
7.3.1.1.2 St. Lawrence Rift
7.3.1.1.3 Charlevoix RLME Source
7.3.1.1.4 Ottawa-Bonnechere Graben
7.3.1.1.5 Saguenay Graben
7.3.1.1.6 Lower St. Lawrence
7.3.1.1.7 Adirondack Mountains
7.3.1.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.1.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.1.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.1.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.2 Great Meteor Hotspot Zone (GMH)
7.3.2.1 Background
7.3.2.1.1 Geological Evidence
7.3.2.1.2 Evidence for Reactivation
7.3.2.1.3 Geophysical Evidence
7.3.2.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.2.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.2.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.2.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.3 Northern Appalachian Zone (NAP)
7.3.3.1 Background
7.3.3.1.1 Geological Evidence
7.3.3.1.2 Geophysical Data
7.3.3.1.3 Seismicity
7.3.3.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.3.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.3.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.3.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.4 Paleozoic Extended Crust (PEZ)
7.3.4.1 Background
7.3.4.1.1 Giles County, Virginia, Seismic Zone (GCVSZ)
7.3.4.1.2 Eastern Tennessee Seismic Zone (ETSZ)
7.3.4.1.3 Clarendon-Linden Fault System
7.3.4.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.4.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.4.3.1 PEZ Narrow
7.3.4.3.2 PEZ Wide
7.3.4.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.4.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.5 Illinois Basin Extended Basement Zone (IBEB)
7.3.5.1 Background
7.3.5.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.5.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.5.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.5.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.6 Reelfoot Rift Zone (RR)
7.3.6.1 Background
7.3.6.1.1 Evolution of the Reelfoot Rift
7.3.6.1.2 Major Structures
7.3.6.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.6.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.6.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.6.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.7 Extended Continental Crust–Atlantic Margin Zone (ECC-AM)
7.3.7.1 Background
7.3.7.1.1 Crustal Structure
7.3.7.1.2 Geophysical Anomalies
7.3.7.1.3 Major Structures
7.3.7.1.4 Seismicity
7.3.7.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.7.3 Basis for Geometry
7.3.7.4 Basis for Mmax
7.3.7.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.8 Atlantic Highly Extended Crust Zone (AHEX)
7.3.8.1 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.8.2 Basis for Geometry
7.3.8.3 Basis for Mmax
7.3.8.4 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.9 Extended Continental Crust–Gulf Coast Zone (ECC-GC)
7.3.9.1 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.9.2 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.9.2.1 Southern Boundary
7.3.9.2.2 Western Boundary
7.3.9.2.3 Eastern Boundary
7.3.9.2.4 Northern Boundary
7.3.9.3 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.9.4 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.9.5 Possible Paleoliquefaction Features in Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi
7.3.10 Gulf Coast Highly Extended Crust Zone (GHEX)
7.3.10.1 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.10.2 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.10.3 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.10.4 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.11 Oklahoma Aulacogen Zone (OKA)
7.3.11.1 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.11.2 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.11.3 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.11.4 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.3.12 Midcontinent-Craton Zone (MidC)
7.3.12.1 Background
7.3.12.1.1 Precambrian Crustal Basement Structure
7.3.12.1.2 Major Precambrian Basement Structures
7.3.12.1.3 Geophysical Anomalies
7.3.12.1.4 Seismicity
7.3.12.2 Basis for Defining Seismotectonic Zone
7.3.12.3 Basis for Zone Geometry
7.3.12.4 Basis for Zone Mmax
7.3.12.5 Future Earthquake Characteristics
7.4 Maximum Magnitude Distributions for Seismotectonic Distributed Seismicity Sources
7.4.1 Maximum Observed Earthquake Magnitude
7.4.2 Mmax Distributions
7.5.1 Rate and b-Value Maps for Single Zone and Two Zones
7.5.2 Comparison of Recurrence Parameters to Catalog
Chapter 8 - Demonstration Hazard Calculations
8.1 Background on Demonstration Hazard Calculations
8.2 Demonstration Hazard Calculations
8.2.1 Central Illinois Site
8.2.2 Chattanooga Site
8.2.3 Houston Site
8.2.4 Jackson Site
8.2.5 Manchester Site
8.2.6 Savannah Site
8.2.7 Topeka Site
Chapter 9 - Use of the CEUS-SSC Model in PSHA
Chapter 10 - References
Chapter 11 - Glossary of Key Terms
Appendix A - Description of the CEUS-SSC Project Database
A.2 Project Database Design and Management
A.3 Workflow and Data Assessment
A.3.1 Workflow
A.3.2 Digital Data
A.3.3 Nondigital Data
A.4 Use of Project Database in Model Development
Sheet A-1 - General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO)
Sheet A-2 - CEUS-SSC Earthquake Catalog Compilation
Sheet A-3 - Bedrock Geology and Extended Crust after Kanter (1994)
Sheet A-4 - Crustal Provinces after Rohs and Van Schmus (2007)
Sheet A-5 - Database of the Geologic Map of North America - Adapted from by J.C. Reed, Jr. et al. (2005)
Sheet A-6 - Compilation of Geologic Cross Sections
Sheet A-7 - Precambrian Crustal Boundary by Van Schmus et al. (1996)
Sheet A-8 - Precambrian Geology and Features after Reed (1993)
Sheet A-9 - Precambrian Provinces after Van Schmus et al. (2007)
Sheet A-10 - Precambrian Units after Whitmeyer and Karlstrom (2007)
Sheet A-11 - Surficial Materials in the Conterminous United States
Sheet A-12 - USGS Crustal Database - Seismic Properties of North America and the Surrounding Ocean Basins
Sheet A-13 - Sediment Thickness for North America and Neighboring Regions
Sheet A-14 - USGS Physiographic Divisions of the Conterminous United States
Sheet A-15 - CEUS-SSC Gravity Anomaly Database Grids
Sheet A-16 - SMU Geothermal Laboratory Regional Heat Flow Database
Sheet A-17 -Full-Spectrum Magnetic Anomaly Database for the Central and Eastern United States
Sheet A-18 - CEUS-SSC Paleoliquefaction Database
Sheet A-19 - CEUS Compilation of Seismic Refraction/Reflection Lines, various authors
Sheet A-20 - USGS National Seismic Hazard Maps Seismic Zones - 2008
Sheet A-21 - Calais - Deformation of the North American Plate Interior Using GPS Station Data
Sheet A-22 - World Stress Map of 2008 Updated by Owen Hurd, Stanford University
Sheet A-23 - CEUS-SSC Study Area Boundary
Sheet A-24 - Faults and Seismic Areas Associated with Quaternary Seismicity, USGS Quaternary Fault and Fold Database
Sheet A-25 - Data for Quaternary Faults, Liquefaction Features, and Possible Tectonic Features in the CEUS
Sheet A-26 - Mesozoic Rift Basins after Benson (1992)
Sheet A-27 - Mesozoic Rift Basin after Dennis et al. (2004)
Sheet A-28 - Mesozoic Rift Basins after Schlische (1993)
Sheet A-29 - Mesozoic Rift Basins after Withjack et al. (1998)
Sheet A-30 - CEUS-SSC Repeated Large-Magnitude Earthquake (RLME) Zones
Sheet A-31 - CEUS-SSC Mesozoic and Non-Mesozoic Zones and Seismotectonic Zones
Appendix B - Appendix Earthquake Catalog Database
Appendix C - Data Evaluation Tables
Appendix D - Data Summary Tables
Introduction
Appendix E - CEUS Paleoliquefaction Database
E.1 Development of the Paleoliquefaction Database
E.1.1 Database Structure
E.1.2 Regional Data Sets
E.1.2.1 New Madrid Seismic Zone and Surrounding Region
E.1.2.2 Marianna, Arkansas, Area
E.1.2.3 St. Louis Region
E.1.2.4 Wabash Valley Seismic Zone and Surrounding Region
E.1.2.5 Arkansas-Louisiana-Mississippi Region
E.1.2.6 Charleston Seismic Zone
E.1.2.7 Atlantic Coast Region and the Central Virginia Seismic Zone
E.1.2.8 Newburyport, Massachusetts, and the Surrounding Region
E.1.2.9 Charlevoix Seismic Zone and the Surrounding Region
E.2 Uncertainties Associated with Paleoliquefaction Data
E.2.1 Collection of Paleoliquefaction Data
E.2.1.1 Identification of Earthquake-Induced Liquefaction Features
E.2.1.2 Dating Liquefaction Features
E.2.1.3 Dating Techniques
E.2.1.3.1 Dendrochronology
E.2.1.3.2 Radiocarbon Dating
E.2.1.3.3 Optically Stimulated Luminescence
E.2.1.3.4 Archeological Context
E.2.1.3.5 Stratigraphic Context
E.2.1.3.6 Soil Development
E.2.2 Uncertainties Related to Interpretation of Paleoliquefaction Data
E.2.2.1 Timing of Paleoearthquakes
E.2.2.2 Correlation of Liquefaction Features
E.2.2.3 Location of Paleoearthquakes
E.2.2.4 Magnitude of Paleoearthquakes
E.2.2.4.1 Comparative Studies
E.2.2.4.2 Empirical Relations
E.2.2.4.3 Geotechnical Analysis
E.2.2.5 Recurrence of Paleoearthquakes
E.2.2.5.1 Age Estimates of Liquefaction Features and Paleoearthquakes
E.2.2.5.2 Length and Completeness of the Paleoliquefaction Record
E.2.3 Recommendations for Future Research
E.3 Guidance for the Use of Paleoliquefaction Data in Seismic Source Characterization
List of Figures
List of Tables
Appendix F - Workshop Summaries
Workshop 1 - July 22-23, 2008
Workshop 2 - February 18-20, 2009
Workshop 3 - August 25-26, 2009
Workshop 1 - Proceedings (50MB)
Workshop 2 - Proceedings (100MB)
Workshop 3 - Proceedings (50MB)
Appendix G - Biographies of Project Team
EPRI Management
Project Manager
TI Team
Technical Support
Database Manager
Participatory Peer Review Panel
Sponsor Reviewers
Appendix H - CEUS-SSC Model Hazard Input Document (HID)
Appendix I - PPRP Review Comments
Participatory Peer Review Panel (PPRP) Letters
Technical Integration (TI) Team and Project Manager (PM) Response to PPRP Letters
Appendix J - Magnitude-Recurrence Maps for All Realizations and All Source-Zone Configurations
Appendix K - SCR Database Used to Develop Mmax Prior Distributions
Appendix L - Quality Assurance
L.4 CEUS-SSC Earthquake Catalog Development
L.5 Recurrence Analysis and Spatial Smoothing
L.6 Hazard Calculation Software